AC-DC converters are electronic devices that convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) to power electronic circuits and devices. They are widely used in power supplies for industrial equipment, consumer electronics, telecommunications, and automotive applications. These converters typically include rectifiers, filters, and voltage regulators to ensure a stable and efficient DC output. Available in various configurations, such as linear and switch-mode power supplies (SMPS), AC-DC converters enhance energy efficiency, minimize power loss, and provide reliable performance for a wide range of applications.